Cellulose etherikozwe muri selile na etherification reaction hamwe numuntu umwe cyangwa benshi ba etherification hamwe no gusya byumye. Ukurikije imiterere itandukanye ya chimique yibisimburwa bya ether, ethers ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo anionic, cationic, na non ionic ethers. Ionic selulose ethers ahanini irimo carboxymethyl selulose ethers (CMC); Ethers ya ionic selulose ethers ahanini irimo methyl selulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether (HPMC), na hydroxyethyl selulose ether (HC). Ether idafite ionic yongeye kugabanywamo eferi zishonga amazi na ether zishonga amavuta, kandi zikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa bya minisiteri. Imbere ya calcium ion, ionic selulose ether idahindagurika, kubwibyo ntibikunze gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bivanze bya minisiteri yumye ukoresheje sima, lime hydrated, nibindi bikoresho bya sima. Ether ionic water-soluble selulose ethers ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubwubatsi kubera guhagarara kwabo hamwe nuburyo bwo kubika amazi.
1. Imiterere yimiti ya selulose ether
Buri selile ya etherifite imiterere shingiro ya selile - imiterere ya glucose idafite umwuma. Muburyo bwo gukora selile ya selile, fibre ya selile yabanje gushyukwa mumuti wa alkaline, hanyuma ikavurwa hamwe na etherification. Ibicuruzwa bya fibrous bisukurwa nubutaka kugirango bibe ifu imwe hamwe nubwiza runaka.
Mugihe cyo gukora MC, gusa metani chloride ikoreshwa nka agent ya etherifying; Usibye gukoresha methane chloride mu musaruro waHPMC, epoxy propylene nayo ikoreshwa kugirango ibone hydroxypropyl. Ethers zitandukanye za selile zifite ibipimo bitandukanye byo gusimbuza methyl na hydroxypropyl, bigira ingaruka kumyuka mvaruganda yumuti wa selulose ether hamwe nubushyuhe bwa gel hamwe nubushyuhe nibindi.
2. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibintu bya selile ether
Cellulose etherni ionic sem synthique polymer hamwe na sol-soluble na solvent-ishingiye, kandi ingaruka zayo ziratandukanye mubikorwa bitandukanye. Kurugero, mubikoresho byubaka imiti, bifite ingaruka zikurikira:
Agent Igumana amazi ② Thickener ③ Kuringaniza umutungo ④ Gukora firime ⑤ Ibifatika
MuriPVCinganda, ni emulifier kandi ikwirakwiza; Mu nganda zimiti, selile ni ubwoko bwa binder na buhoro-burekura ibikoresho, kandi mubyukuri kubera ko bifite ingaruka nyinshi, imirima yabyo nayo ni nini cyane. Hasi, tuzibanda kuburyo bwo gukoresha n'imikorere ya selile ether mubikoresho bitandukanye byubaka.
(1) Mu irangi rya latex:
Mu nganda za latex, ni ngombwa guhitamohydroxyethyl selile. Ibisobanuro rusange kuburinganire buringaniye ni RT30000-5000cps, bihuye nibisobanuro bya HBR250. Igipimo cyerekana muri rusange hafi 1.5 ‰ -2 ‰. Uruhare runini rwa hydroxyethyl mu irangi rya latex ni umubyimba, kurinda gel pigment, kugira uruhare mu gukwirakwiza pigment, gutinda kwa latx, kunoza ubwiza bwibigize, no kugira uruhare mu mikorere iringaniza yubwubatsi: hydroxyethyl selulose iroroshye gukoresha, ishobora gushonga muri amazi akonje namazi ashyushye, kandi ntabwo bigira ingaruka kubiciro bya PH. Irashobora gukoreshwa neza hagati ya PI agaciro 2-12. Uburyo butatu bukurikira bukoreshwa: Nongeyeho mu buryo butaziguye mu musaruro: Ubu buryo bugomba guhitamo hydroxyethyl selulose yatinze ubwoko, hamwe nigihe cyo gusesa kirenze iminota 30. Intambwe zikoreshwa nizi zikurikira: ① Shyira umubare wuzuye wamazi meza muri kontineri ifite moteri ndende; ② Tangira kubyutsa umuvuduko muke udahagarara, Mugihe kimwe, buhoro kandi bingana hydroxyethyl kubisubizo. ③ Komeza kubyutsa kugeza ibikoresho byose bitose. ④ Ongeramo izindi nyongeramusaruro ninyongera ya alkaline. Kangura kugeza hydroxyethyl yose imaze gushonga. Noneho ongeramo ibindi bice muri formula hanyuma usya kugeza ibicuruzwa byarangiye. II. Gutegura inzoga za nyina kugirango zikoreshwe: Ubu buryo burashobora guhitamo ubwoko bwihuse kandi bugira ingaruka mbi kuri selile. Ibyiza byubu buryo nuko bifite ihinduka ryinshi kandi birashobora kongerwaho muburyo butaziguye. Uburyo bwo gutegura nuburyo bumwe nintambwe ① kugeza ④. III. Gutegura Congee nkibintu bizakoreshwa ejo hazaza: Kubera ko ibishishwa kama ari ibishishwa bibi (bitangirika) kuri hydroxyethyl, iyi mashanyarazi irashobora gukoreshwa mugutegura Congee nkibintu. Ikintu gikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi ni amavuta ya organic mumata ya emulsion amarangi, nka Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol na agent ikora firime (nka diethylene glycol butyl acetate). Congee nka hydroxyethyl selulose irashobora kwongerwaho irangi, hanyuma igakomeza kubyutsa kugeza ishonga burundu.
(2) Mugukuraho urukuta:
Kugeza ubu, ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije birwanya amazi n’isukurwa byahawe agaciro cyane mu mijyi myinshi yo mu Bushinwa. Mu myaka mike ishize, kubera ko hasohotse gaze ya formaldehyde ivuye mu gishishwa gikozwe mu nyubako zangiza, zangiza ubuzima bw’abantu, icyuma cyubaka cyateguwe na acetal reaction ya alcool ya polyvinyl na formaldehyde. Ibi bikoresho rero bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro abantu, kandi igisimbuza ibi bikoresho nibicuruzwa bya selile ya ether, bivuze guteza imbere ibikoresho byubaka ibidukikije bitangiza ibidukikije. Cellulose kuri ubu ni ibikoresho byonyine biboneka. Mu mazi adashobora kwihanganira amazi, arashobora kugabanwa muburyo bubiri: ifu yumye yumye na paste. Mubisanzwe, methyl selulose yahinduwe na hydroxypropyl methyl ihitamo nkubwoko bubiri bwa putty, kandi ibisobanuro bya viscosity biri hagati ya 30000-60000 cps. Igikorwa nyamukuru cya selile muri putty nukugumana amazi, guhuza, no gusiga amavuta. Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gushira mubikorwa bitandukanye, bimwe ni calcium yumukara, calcium yumucyo, sima yera, nibindi, mugihe izindi ari ifu ya gypsumu, calcium yumukara, calcium yumucyo, nibindi, ibisobanuro, viscosity, hamwe nubwinshi bwa selile ya selile formula ebyiri nazo ziratandukanye, hamwe nibisanzwe byongeweho hafi ya 2 ‰ -3 ‰. Mu iyubakwa ry’urukuta rusakaye, bitewe n’amazi runaka yinjira mu buso bw’urukuta (igipimo cyo gufata amazi y’urukuta rw'amatafari ni 13%, naho igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya beto ni 3-5%), kijyanye no hanze guhumeka, niba putty itakaje amazi vuba, bizatera gucika cyangwa ifu ikuramo, bityo bigabanye imbaraga za putty. Kubwibyo, kongeramo selile ether bizakemura iki kibazo. Nyamara, ubwiza bwibintu byuzuye, cyane cyane ubwiza bwa calcium yumukara, nabwo ni ngombwa cyane. Bitewe n'ubukonje bwinshi bwa selile, binongera imbaraga za putty, birinda kugabanuka mugihe cyubwubatsi, kandi biroroha kandi bizigama umurimo kubisiba. Ether ya selile iri muri powder putty igomba kongerwaho uruganda uko bikwiye. Umusaruro wacyo nogukoresha biroroshye, kandi ibikoresho byuzuye hamwe ninyongeramusaruro birashobora kuvangwa neza hamwe nifu yumye. Kubaka nabyo biroroshye, kandi gukwirakwiza amazi kumurongo biterwa nuburyo bukoreshwa.
(3) Amabuye ya beto:
Muri minisiteri ya beto, kugirango igere ku mbaraga zanyuma, birakenewe kuvoma neza sima. Cyane cyane mubwubatsi, mugihe gutakaza amazi ya beto ya beto byihuse, hafatwa ingamba zuzuye zo kubungabunga no kubungabunga amazi. Ubu buryo butera imyanda y’amazi n’ikibazo mu mikorere, kandi urufunguzo ni uko amazi ari hejuru gusa, mu gihe amazi yo mu gihugu ataruzura. Kubwibyo rero, igisubizo cyiki kibazo ni:, Kongera amazi umunani agumana selile ya selile ya beto ya minisiteri muri rusange ihitamo hydroxypropyl methyl cyangwa methyl selulose, hamwe nibisobanuro bya viscosity kuva kuri 20000 kugeza 60000 cps hamwe ninyongera ya 2% kugeza 3%. Hirya no hino, igipimo cyo gufata amazi kirashobora kwiyongera kugera kuri 85%. Uburyo bwo gukoresha muri beto ya minisiteri ni ukuvanga ifu yumye neza hanyuma ugasuka amazi mumunwa.
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Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda zubwubatsi, ibyifuzo byibikoresho bishya nabyo biriyongera umunsi kumunsi. Bitewe no kurushaho gukangurira kurengera ibidukikije no gukomeza kunoza imikorere y’ubwubatsi, ibicuruzwa bya gypsima ya sima byateye imbere byihuse. Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa bya gypsumu bikunze kugaragara harimo guhomesha gypsumu, guhuza gypsumu, gushiramo gypsumu, guhuza amabati, n'ibindi. Inkuta zikoreshwa mu guhomeka ziroroshye kandi zoroshye, nta gukuramo ifu no kwizirika ku musingi, nta guturika cyangwa kuyikuramo, hamwe n'umurimo wo gukingira umuriro; Gypsum ihujwe ni ubwoko bushya bwo kubaka urumuri ruciriritse, bukozwe muri gypsumu nkibikoresho fatizo kandi byongewemo nimbaraga zinyongera. Irakwiriye guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye byubaka inyubako kandi ifite ibiranga uburozi, impumuro nziza, imbaraga za kare, gushiraho byihuse, no guhuza bikomeye. Nibikoresho bifasha kubaka ikibaho no kubaka kubaka; Gypsum yuzuza ibintu ni ibintu byuzuza icyuho kiri hagati yimbaho za gypsumu, kimwe nuwuzuza gusana inkuta n'ibisate. Ibicuruzwa bya gypsumu bifite urukurikirane rwimirimo itandukanye. Usibye gypsumu hamwe nuwuzuza bijyanye, ikibazo cyingenzi nuko inyongeramusaruro ya selile yongeyeho uruhare runini. Bitewe nuko gypsumu igabanijwemo gypsumu ya anhydrous na gypsum ya hemihydrate, ubwoko butandukanye bwa gypsumu bugira ingaruka zitandukanye kumikorere yibicuruzwa. Kubwibyo, kubyimba, kubika amazi, no kudindiza bigena ubwiza bwibikoresho byubaka gypsumu. Ikibazo gisanzwe hamwe nibi bikoresho ni ugutobora no guturika, kandi imbaraga zambere ntizishobora kugerwaho. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, birakenewe guhitamo icyitegererezo cya selile hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa bwo gukoresha retarders. Ni muri urwo rwego, methyl cyangwa hydroxypropyl methyl muri rusange byatoranijwe nka 30000 kugeza 60000 cps, hiyongereyeho 1.5% -2%. Muri byo, selile yibanda ku gufata amazi, kudindiza, no gusiga amavuta. Ariko rero, ntibishoboka gukoresha ether ya selile nka retarder muriki gikorwa, kandi birakenewe kongeramo aside citric retarder kugirango uyivange kandi uyikoreshe bitagize ingaruka kumbaraga zambere. Igipimo cyo gufata amazi muri rusange bivuga ubwinshi bwamazi yatakaye atiriwe yinjira mumazi. Niba urukuta rwumye, kwinjiza amazi no guhumeka bisanzwe hejuru yubutaka bituma ibintu bitakaza amazi vuba, nabyo bizatera umwobo no guturika. Ubu buryo bwo gukoresha ni ukuvanga ifu yumye. Niba utegura igisubizo, nyamuneka reba uburyo bwo gutegura igisubizo.
(5) Amabuye y'agaciro
Imisemburo ya insulire ni ubwoko bushya bwibikoresho byo mu rukuta rwimbere mu karere k’amajyaruguru, ni ibikoresho byurukuta rugizwe nibikoresho byokwirinda, minisiteri, hamwe na adhesives. Cellulose igira uruhare runini muguhuza no kongera imbaraga muri ibi bikoresho. Mubisanzwe, methyl selulose ifite ubukonje bwinshi (hafi 10000eps) iratoranijwe, kandi dosiye iri hagati ya 2 ‰ -3 ‰. Uburyo bwo gukoresha ni kuvanga ifu yumye.
(6) Intumwa ihuza abantu
Imigaragarire igomba kubaHPMC20000 cps, hamwe nugufata amabati bigomba kuba birenga 60000 cps. Mubikorwa bya interineti, intumbero igomba kuba yibyibushye, bishobora kunoza imbaraga zingutu no kurwanya imyambi. Koresha ibikoresho bigumana amazi muguhuza amabati kugirango wirinde kugwa vuba kubera kubura amazi.
3. Imiterere yinganda
(1) Inganda zo hejuru
Ibikoresho by'ibanze bikenerwa mu gutanga umusaruroselile ethershyiramo ipamba inoze (cyangwa ibiti byimbuto) hamwe nibisanzwe bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi, nka epoxy propane, chloromethane, alkali yamazi, flake alkali, okiside ya Ethylene, toluene, nibindi bikoresho bifasha. Inganda zizamuka muri uru ruganda zirimo impamba zitunganijwe neza n’inganda zikora ibiti, ndetse n’inganda zimwe na zimwe z’imiti. Imihindagurikire y’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo byavuzwe haruguru bizagira ingaruka zitandukanye ku giciro cy’umusaruro no kugurisha igiciro cya selile.
Igiciro cy'ipamba inoze ni kinini. Dufashe urugero rwibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selile ya selile, mugihe cya raporo, igipimo cyigiciro cy ipamba gitunganijwe nigiciro cyo kugurisha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selile ya selile yari 31,74%, 28.50%, 26.59%, na 26.90%. Ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'ipamba inoze bizagira ingaruka ku musaruro wa selile ya ether. Ibikoresho nyamukuru byo gutanga ipamba inoze ni ipamba. Imyenda y'ipamba ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa biva mu musaruro w'ipamba, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibicuruzwa nka pamba, ipamba inoze, na nitrocellulose. Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mugukoresha agaciro no gukoresha ipamba na pamba, kandi ibiciro byabo biri hasi cyane ugereranije nipamba, ariko hariho isano runaka nihindagurika ryibiciro byipamba. Guhindagurika kw'ibiciro by'ipamba bizagira ingaruka ku giciro cy'ipamba inoze.
Imihindagurikire ikabije y’ibiciro by’ipamba inoze bizagira ingaruka zitandukanye ku kugenzura ibiciro by’umusaruro, ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa, n’inyungu z’inganda muri uru ruganda. Mu rwego rwo hejuru y’ibiciro by’ipamba inoze hamwe n’ibiciro bihendutse ugereranije n’ibiti by’ibiti, kugira ngo bigabanye ibiciro, ifu y’ibiti irashobora gukoreshwa mu gusimbuza no kongeramo ipamba inoze, cyane cyane mu gukora ether ya selile ifite ububobere buke nka farumasi n’ibiribwa. urwego rwa selile. Nk’uko bigaragara ku rubuga rwa interineti rw’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare, mu 2013, ubuso bw’ubuhinzi bw’ipamba bwari hegitari miliyoni 4.35, naho umusaruro w’ipamba mu gihugu wari toni miliyoni 6.31. Dukurikije imibare y’ibarurishamibare ry’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda mu Bushinwa Cellulose, mu 2014, umusaruro w’ipamba inoze n’inganda zikomeye zitunganya impamba zo mu gihugu zari toni 332000, hamwe n’ibikoresho fatizo bihagije.
Ibikoresho by'ibanze byo gukora ibikoresho bya shimi bishingiye kuri grafite ni ibyuma na karubone. Igiciro cyibyuma na grafite ya karubone bifite igice kinini cyibiciro byumusaruro wibikoresho bya shimi. Ihindagurika ryibiciro byibi bikoresho fatizo bizagira ingaruka runaka kubiciro byumusaruro no kugurisha igiciro cyibikoresho bya shimi bya grafite.
(2) Imiterere yimikorere ya selile yamashanyarazi
Cellulose ether, nka "monosodium glutamate yinganda", ifite umubare muto winyongeramusaruro hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, hamwe ninganda zo hasi zanyanyagiye mu nganda zitandukanye zubukungu bwigihugu.
Mubisanzwe, ubwubatsi bwo hasi hamwe ninganda zitimukanwa bizagira ingaruka runaka kumuvuduko wubwiyongere bwibisabwa kugirango hubakwe ibikoresho bya selile selile. Iyo umuvuduko wubwubatsi bwimbere mu gihugu ninganda zitimukanwa zirihuta cyane, icyifuzo cyo kubaka ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selile ether ku isoko ryimbere biriyongera cyane. Iyo umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwubwubatsi bwimbere mu gihugu ninganda zitimukanwa zidindije, icyifuzo cyo kubaka ibikoresho bya selile selile ether ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu bizagabanuka, bigatuma amarushanwa muri uru ruganda arushaho gukomera no kwihutisha inzira yo kubaho kwinganda muri uru ruganda. .
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, mu rwego rwo kudindira mu iyubakwa ry’imbere mu nganda n’inganda zitimukanwa, nta mpinduka nini yagaragaye mu cyifuzo cyo kubaka ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selile ya selile ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu. Impamvu nyamukuru ni: icya mbere, igipimo rusange cyubwubatsi bwimbere mu gihugu ninganda zitimukanwa ni nini, kandi isoko rusange risabwa ni rinini; Isoko nyamukuru ryabaguzi ryo kubaka ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selireose ether yagiye yiyongera kuva mu turere twateye imbere mu bukungu no mu mijyi yo mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icya kabiri kugera mu turere two hagati no mu burengerazuba ndetse no mu mijyi yo mu cyiciro cya gatatu, byagura ubushobozi n'umwanya wo kuzamuka kw'imbere mu gihugu; 2 amount Umubare winyongera wa selile ya ether ubarirwa mukigero gito cyibiciro byibikoresho byubaka, kandi amafaranga yakoreshejwe numukiriya umwe ni make. Abakiriya baratatanye, bishobora kubyara byoroshye ibyifuzo bikomeye. Ibisabwa byose ku isoko ryo hasi birahagaze neza; 3 change Guhindura igiciro cyisoko nikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumiterere yo kubaka ibikoresho bya selile selile. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, igiciro cyo kubaka ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selulose ether cyaragabanutse ku buryo bugaragara, bituma igabanuka rikabije ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byo hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru, bikurura abakiriya benshi kugura no guhitamo, byongera icyifuzo ku bicuruzwa byo hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi kunyunyuza isoko isoko hamwe nigiciro cyibicuruzwa bisanzwe byicyitegererezo.
Urwego rwiterambere niterambere ryinganda zimiti bizagira ingaruka kubikenerwa bya farumasi ya selile selile. Kuzamura imibereho yabantu no guteza imbere inganda zibiribwa bifasha mu gutuma isoko rikenerwa ku biribwa bya selile selile.
6. Iterambere ryiterambere rya selile ether
Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye muburyo bukenewe ku isoko rya selile ya ether, hagaragaye ikibazo aho inganda zifite imbaraga zitandukanye zishobora kubana. Mu rwego rwo gutandukanya itandukaniro rigaragara ry’ibisabwa ku isoko, abakora selile zo mu gihugu imbere bafashe ingamba zitandukanye zo guhatana zishingiye ku mbaraga zabo, ari nako basobanukirwa neza icyerekezo cy’iterambere n’icyerekezo cy’isoko.
(1) Kugenzura niba ibicuruzwa bifite ireme bizakomeza kuba intandaro yo guhatanira inganda za selile
Cellulose etheribarwa ku kigereranyo gito cyibiciro byumusaruro mubigo byinshi byo hepfo yinganda, ariko bifite ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yibicuruzwa. Itsinda ryabakiriya bo murwego rwohejuru bakeneye gukora ubushakashatsi bwa formula mbere yo gukoresha ikirango nicyitegererezo cya selile. Nyuma yo gukora formulaire ihamye, mubisanzwe ntabwo byoroshye gusimbuza ibicuruzwa biva mubindi bicuruzwa, kandi ibisabwa biri hejuru nabyo bishyirwa kumurongo mwiza wa selile ya ether. Iki kintu kigaragara cyane mu nzego zo mu rwego rwo hejuru nko mu gihugu no mu mahanga binini binini byubaka ibikoresho, ibikomoka ku miti, inyongeramusaruro y'ibiribwa, PVC, n'ibindi. amatsinda ya selulose ether yatanzwe arashobora kubungabungwa igihe kirekire, kugirango abone isoko ryiza.
(2) Kunoza urwego rwa tekinoroji yo gukoresha ibicuruzwa nicyerekezo cyiterambere cyibikorwa bya selile yo murugo
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya selulose ether, urwego rwohejuru rwa tekinoroji yo gukoresha ni ingirakamaro ku mishinga kugirango irusheho guhangana neza kandi igire umubano mwiza wabakiriya. Inganda zizwi cyane za selulose ether mubihugu byateye imbere zifata ingamba zo guhatanira "kwibasira abakiriya benshi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru no guteza imbere porogaramu zikoreshwa no gukoresha", gutera imbereselile etherPorogaramu nuburyo bukoreshwa, hamwe no gushiraho urukurikirane rwibicuruzwa ukurikije ibice bitandukanye byo gusaba kugirango byorohereze imikoreshereze yabakiriya, no guhinga isoko ryimbere ryisoko binyuze muribi. Amarushanwa hagati ya selilose ether yinganda mubihugu byateye imbere yavuye mubicuruzwa yerekeza muburyo bwa tekinoroji.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-31-2023