Anionic surfactant irimokubakainyongeramusaruro zirashobora gutuma uduce twa sima dukwirakwira kugirango amazi yubusa akusanyirijwe hamwe na sima arekurwe, kandi agatege ya sima aglomerated ikwirakwizwa rwose kandi ihindurwe neza kugirango igere kumiterere yuzuye kandi yongere imbaraga za minisiteri, itezimbere ubudahangarwa, irwanya kandi kuramba.
Minisiteri ivanze ninyongeramusaruro ifite imikorere myiza, umuvuduko mwinshi wo gufata amazi, gukomera cyane, kutagira uburozi, kutagira ingaruka, umutekano ndetse n’ibidukikije. Irakwiriye kubyaza umusaruro usanzwe wububiko, guhomesha, ubutaka n’amazi adakoreshwa n’amazi mu nganda zivanze na minisiteri, kandi ikoreshwa mu kubaka amatafari y’ibumba ya beto, amatafari ya ceramsite, amatafari yubusa, amatafari ya beto, n’amatafari adatwika mu buryo butandukanye inyubako n’inganda n’imbonezamubano. Kubaka inkuta zimbere ninyuma, gusiba urukuta rworoshye, hasi, kuringaniza igisenge, minisiteri idafite amazi, nibindi.
1. Cellulose ether
Muri minisiteri ivanze,selile etherni inyongera nyamukuru yongewe kurwego rwo hasi cyane, ariko irashobora kuzamura cyane imitungo ya minisiteri itose kandi ikagira ingaruka kumyubakire ya minisiteri. Guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro ethers ya selulose yubwoko butandukanye, viscosities zitandukanye, ingano zingana zingana, impamyabumenyi zitandukanye hamwe nubwinshi bwinyongera bizagira ingaruka nziza mugutezimbere imikorere yaicyuma cyumye.
Mu gukora ibikoresho byubaka, cyane cyane minisiteri yumye, selile ya ether ifite uruhare rudasubirwaho, cyane cyane mugukora minisiteri idasanzwe (minisiteri yahinduwe), nigice cyingenzi kandi cyingenzi. Cellulose ether igira uruhare mu gufata amazi, kubyimba, gutinda ingufu za sima, no kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi. Ubushobozi bwiza bwo gufata amazi butuma amazi ya sima arushaho kuba meza, ashobora kuzamura ubwiza bwamazi ya minisiteri itose, kuzamura imbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri, kandi bishobora guhindura igihe cyo gukora. Kwiyongera kwa ether ya selile kumashanyarazi ya mashini irashobora kunoza imiti yo gutera cyangwa kuvoma minisiteri, hamwe nimbaraga zubaka. Kubwibyo, selulose ether ikoreshwa cyane nkinyongera yingenzi muri minisiteri ivanze.
2. Ifu ya polymer isubirwamo
Ifu ya redxersible latexni ifu ya thermoplastique resin yabonetse mukumisha spray hanyuma kuyitunganya nyumapolymer emulsion. Ikoreshwa cyane mubwubatsi, cyane cyane ifu yumye yumye kugirango yiyongereubumwe, guhuzagurika no guhinduka.
Uruhare rwa pisitori ya latx isubirwamo muri minisiteri: nyuma yo gutatanyaifu ya polymer isubirwamo, ikora firime kandi ikora nkibikoresho bya kabiri kugirango byongere imbaraga; colloid ikingira yakirwa na sisitemu ya minisiteri kandi ntizasenywa namazi nyuma yo gukora firime cyangwa gutatanya kabiri; firime ikora firime resin ikwirakwizwa muri sisitemu ya minisiteri nkibikoresho bishimangira, bityo bikongerera ubumwe bwa minisiteri.
Muri minisiteri itose, ifu ya polymer ikwirakwizwa irashobora kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi, kunoza imikorere yimigezi, kongera thixotropy no kurwanya sag, kunoza ubumwe, kumara igihe cyo gufungura, no kongera amazi. Iyo minisiteri imaze gukira, irashobora kongera imbaraga zingana. Imbaraga zingana, zongerewe imbaraga zingirakamaro, zigabanya modulus ya elastique, kongera ubumuga bwimiterere, kongera ubwinshi bwibintu, kongera imbaraga zo kwambara, kongera imbaraga zifatika, kugabanya ubujyakuzimu bwa carbone, kugabanuka kwamazi yibintu, no gutuma ibintu biba umutungo wa hydrophobi nibindi.
Umukozi winjiza ikirere, uzwi kandi ku izina rya aerating agentt, yerekeza ku kwinjiza umubare munini w’udukingirizo duto duto two mu kirere mu buryo bwo kuvanga minisiteri, bishobora kugabanya ubukana bw’amazi hejuru y’amazi, bikavamo gutandukana neza kandi kugabanya imvange ya minisiteri. Inyongera zo kuva amaraso no gutandukanya. Mubyongeyeho, kwinjiza ikirere cyiza kandi gihamye kandi cyiza gikora neza. Ingano yumwuka yatangijwe biterwa nubwoko bwa minisiteri nibikoresho bivanga bikoreshwa.
Nubwo ingano yikintu cyinjiza ikirere ari gito cyane, umukozi winjiza ikirere agira uruhare runini mumikorere ya minisiteri ivanze. Irashobora kunoza neza imikorere ya minisiteri ivanze, igatezimbere ubudahangarwa nubukonje bwa minisiteri, kandi bikagabanya ubucucike bwa minisiteri. , uzigame ibikoresho kandi wongere ahantu hubakwa, ariko kongeramo ibikoresho byinjira mu kirere bizagabanya imbaraga za minisiteri, cyane cyane minisiteri irwanya umuvuduko. Kubwibyo, ingano yumukozi winjiza ikirere igomba kugenzurwa cyane, hamwe nikirere cyumwuka wa minisiteri, imikorere yubwubatsi hamwe nimbaraga zigereranya kugirango umenye umubare mwiza wongeyeho.
4. Umukozi wambere imbaraga
Imbaraga zo hambere nimbaraga ninyongera zishobora kwihutisha iterambere ryimbaraga za kare za minisiteri. Byinshi muribi ni electrolytike idasanzwe, naho bike ni ibinyabuzima.
Imbaraga zambere zo kwitegura-zivanze zirasabwa kuba ifu kandi yumye. Kalisiyumu ni yo ikoreshwa cyane muri minisiteri ivanze. Kalisiyumu irashobora kunoza imbaraga za kare za minisiteri no kwihutisha hydratiya ya trikalisiyumu silikatike, ifite ingaruka zimwe zo kugabanya amazi, kandi imiterere yumubiri wa calcium ihagaze neza mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Ntibyoroshye guhuriza hamwe, kandi birakwiriye gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi yumye.
5. Umukozi ugabanya amazi
Umukozi ugabanya amazibivuga inyongeramusaruro ishobora kugabanya ingano yo kuvanga amazi mugihe ibintu bya minisiteri bihoraho.Amashanyarazimuri rusange ni surfactants, zishobora kugabanywamo: superplasticizers zisanzwe, superplasticizers, imbaraga-zohejuru za superplasticizers, zidindiza superplasticizers, zidindiza superplasticizers, na superplasticizers ukurikije imikorere yazo.
Igikoresho cyo kugabanya amazi gikoreshwa mumashanyarazi avanze asabwa kuba ifu kandi yumye. Ibintu nkibi bigabanya amazi birashobora gukwirakwizwa kimwe mumashanyarazi yumye bitagabanije ubuzima bwubuzima bwa minisiteri ivanze. Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bigabanya amazi muri minisiteri yiteguye kuvangwa muri rusange ni muri sima yo kwisuzumisha, gypsumu yo kwishyiriraho, gutobora ibyatsi, minisiteri itagira amazi, gushira, n'ibindi. Guhitamo ibikoresho bigabanya amazi biterwa nibikoresho bitandukanye kandi imitungo itandukanye. bidashoboka.
Kwiyongera kuvanze na minisiteri yongeyeho na retarders, yihuta,fibre, thixotropic lubricants, defoaming agents, nibindi, byongeweho ukurikije ubwoko bwa minisiteri. Izi nyongeramusaruro zikoreshwa muri minisiteri ivanze kugirango izane iterambere mumikorere isa nigihe cyo guteka ibiryo. Yongewe kumasahani kugirango yerekane ibara ryibiryo, yongere uburyohe, kandi afunge imirire, kuburyo ubwoko butandukanye bwaminisiteri ivanzeirashobora kugira uruhare rwiza. Intwaro yubumaji kugirango ikoreshwe neza mumishinga yumye ivanze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-11-2023